Myocardial infarction (MI) or in common language “Heart attack” which is commonly caused by the blockage of the coronary arteries, If not treated timely it can lead to permanent heart damage, Number of Untreated heart attacks lead to slow decline in the function of the heart and later can be the reason for heart failure. which is a condition where the compromised heart function is not able to supply blood to the organs and tissues of the body, so the body doesn’t get proper oxygen to work.

The major causes of heart failure are as follows:

1. Coronary artery disease (Acute MI)
2. Chronic hypertension
3. Cardiomyopathy ( dilated, alcoholic and idiopathic)
4. Valve dysfunction (diseases of aortic and mitral valve)
5. Cardiac Arrhythmia (heart block, atrial fibrillation)
6. Pericardial diseases (constrictive pericarditis)
7. Infective (Viral myocarditis, HIV, rheumatic fever)

The coronary artery disease, especially when it comes simultaneously with hypertension, turns out to be the most widespread problem for heart failure. It is, however, very difficult to be certain what is the primary cause of heart failure in a patient with multiple potential causes, e.g: cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation), etc.

Symptoms of heart failure develop gradually over a period of time (Chronic Congestive HF), however, sometimes a patient can present suddenly.

Heart failure symptoms include:

1. Shortness of breath
2. Fatigue and weakness
3. Swelling of the feet
4. Dry cough
5. Reduced appetite
6. Decreased alertness
7. Reduced ability to work/ exercise

Complications depend on age, severity of heart failure and overall health, these include:

1. Kidney failure: heart failure (HF) is one of the most complex human diseases due to reduced blood flow produce kidney damage, dialysis is a probable result.

1. Liver damage: Cardiac deterioration leads to hepatic enlargement above the normal size and its malfunction.

3. Sudden cardiac death: as a result of sudden changes in heart rhythm (VT/VF) in the presence of weak heart

Medication is a major part of the treatment of heart failure, with medication is frequent and may include lifestyle changes, strict control of diabetics and blood pressure. After ascribing the cause of heart failure, it will be handled concretely. One advice that is mentioned during such heart failure medicine consultation session in your physician can be to help you get a better understanding of different drugs available for the treatment of Heart failure.

With medical management the symptoms of heart failure can be improved in a majority of patients, how-ever surgery may be needed in a few.

Surgery or other procedures for chronic heart failure may include:

1. Coronary artery bypass surgery:

When Patient is dealing with serious coronary artery disease; bypass surgery can provide quick relief from heart failure by improving the blood flow to heart muscle. 

1. Heart valve repair or replacement surgery:

If the reason of heart failure is a damaged heart valve, either repair or replacement either repair or replacement of the damaged heart valve gives symptomatic relief from the heart failure. Heart valve repair or replacement can be performed through minimally invasive approach.

1. Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD):

The AICD device is similar to pacemaker implanted into the heart, it monitors the rhythm of heart, and correctifies any abnormal beating of heart, it also delivers shock in cases of VT/VF to revert it into regular heart rhythm.

1. Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT): also called biventricular pacing…